United Republic of Europia

The United Republic of Europia also referred to as the E.U., Europia United, or simply Europia (1821 a.t.b.-2018 a.t.b.), is one of the three major superpowers in the world in which Code Geass takes place.

A republican region laden with decadence and bureaucracy, the Europia United is at war with the Holy Britannian Empire at the beginning of the series. At the latter end of the war, Britannian forces successfully conquered almost half of Europe's territory. This prompted members of the Union to join with the United Federation of Nations.

General Information
Though geographically the largest of the three superpowers at the beginning of the series, the Europia United (often abbreviated to E.U.) receives little attention in the show. In 2018, Schneizel led Britannian forces against the E.U. and successfully conquered almost half of its territory into an unknown amount of Areas. Following this defeat, some members of the E.U. joined the United Federation of Nations, and Britannian forces were pulled away from the fronts in the E.U. as the Emperor of Britannia no longer considered the Union a threat. By the time Lelouch ascended to the throne, all members of the E.U. were either neutral or had ratified the United Federation of Nations' charter.

Government Information
The capital of Europia United is Paris. It is the most democratic of the three superpowers but has many internal problems concerning public unrest and the government. It is a federation style republic with presumably representatives from each country in the council of forty, also known as the Central Hemicycle. It is alluded to in AtE that the E.U. government has corruption and bureaucratic issues and is unstable. Beyond this, little is known about the E.U.'s government.

A man named Gandolfi performs the functions of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the E.U.

History
Its creation is estimated to be in the 19th century, around the time of the Industrial Revolution, following Napoleon Bonaparte's successful invasion and occupation of the British Isles. He suffered a major defeat at Waterloo in 1815, destroying his hopes of invading and subjugating Russia. (Russia is a part of the E.U. by the start of the show, but is occupied by Euro Britannia by the time Akito the Exiled starts) Napoleon does however, try to become emperor and form an empire, but is stopped by the revolutionaries. They kill the hero of the revolution via Guillotine soon after.

There was a major war during the late 19th, early 20th century in the E.U., as seen in C.C.’s memories. Showing trench warfare, biplanes, tanks, and, presumably, soldiers with bolt action rifles. The reasons for its start and how was in it are unknown. Though it’s speculated that Russia has something to do with it.

Europe did have a Scramble for Africa similar to our own, as the entirety of Africa is part of the Europia United. (They most likely colonial, as the series seems to have pitted the 3 superpowers in the same scramble for colonies that occurred in the late 1800's. These areas are probably of little relevance).

It seems that during the kowa era, after the Zero Requiem , it is now a member nation of the UFN (due to the affilation of its new president, Margaret Walpole).

Society
The Europian Republic came to being from the ideals of the French Revolution that originally started to overthrow the Ancien Régime of Europe that espouses the ideals of Liberty, Equality and Brotherhood in truth was The United Republic of Europia was far from it. While he Republic can technically still be called a democracy. In reality however, the true power of the Republic came from the moneyed interest or the so called "New Aristocracy." This means that the revolution does not bring change to the system but merely replaced the nobility with the capitalist class. Of course the citizens of Europia knows the hypocrisy of their government and still believes in the ideals of the revolution like supporting Assemblyman Briesgau that also supports the ideals for which the Republic stands, but unfortunately an explosion took Breisgau's life and cut the movement short. But it doesn't mean the people suddenly forgot.

By the start of Code Geass Akito The Republic is essentially split into two faction; the populist that demanded what was promised to them during the revolution which is Liberty, Equality and Brotherhood and those that want to continue the status quo. Smilas seeing the division saw this as an opening for him to seize power by siding with the populist for the purpose of declaring himself as the Emperor of Europia.

Geography
In the first season, maps showed the Europia United controls not only Europe (including the regions of Russia officially considered part of Asia), but also all of Africa and parts of the Middle East. After Britannian forces pulled out of the E.U., they had lost much of North and West Africa, southern Africa, France, the Low Countries, the Iberian Peninsula, and Russia. While many E.U. member states ratified the UFN's charter, the British Isles, Germany, Denmark, Scandinavia (and the Kola Peninsula), and parts of Central Africa and the Middle East remained independent. The fact that all of Africa was part of the E.U. would seem unlikely, but it may be that those territories were colonies of Europian powers.

Major Cities
The city of Paris serves as the capital of Europia United. It is the seat of the Europian Army General HQ and the Council of Forty. Many Japanese refugees who fled Britannian persecution are detained in ghettos on the Île de la Cité.

Amsterdam is a Dutch city that has a Japanese/Elevens ghetto.

Military
Main Article: EU Military

The Europia United's collective military forces are divided into individual national forces referred to as "state armies," though the exact nature of these armed forces is not clear. From what is shown, the most used Knightmare Frame is the Panzer Hummel, which appears to be somewhere between the technological level of the Chinese Gun-Ru and standard Britannian Knightmares, though they are shown to be quite effective against Sutherlands and Gloucesters at range. While the Chinese Gun-Ru is an inferior but mass-produced model used in swarm attacks, both the E.U. and Britannia have a quality-over-quantity approach to their mech designs: a relatively small number of elite and powerful (albeit more expensive) armored units are supposed to dominate the battlefield out of proportion to their numbers. The main difference between Britannian and E.U. design philosophy is that Britannian Knightmares have more close-range weapons meant specifically for hand-to-hand combat against other Knightmares. In contrast, the E.U.'s philosophy is that they don't have to fight Britannian Knightmares in close quarters combat if they can not get close enough to engage. Thus E.U. Panzer Hummels don't have hands to wield close-range swords with, but instead, their arms have integrated long-range guns. The E.U. forces have generally been able to hold their own on the battlefield against Britannia, and the strength of these different design philosophies really comes down to individual pilots and commanders. These E.U. ground forces only make one significant appearance in the original series, in R2 Stage 03, Imprisoned in Campus. The E.U. pilots displayed enormous courage, attacking Suzaku with little hesitation in spite of his reputation as "Britannia's White Death."

The role of the E.U. ground forces is greatly expanded in Code Geass: Akito the Exiled OVA, as the main characters belong to the special ops unit W-0.

Europia United officers and personnel are shown to wear grey uniforms with a gold diamond logo, which may be an emblem of the E.U. But, since the E.U. Armed Forces are actually several armies band together, it could be that the golden diamond logo is the logo of a "state army" rather than the emblem of the E.U. Military as a whole. Another example would be the regular soldiers of France who have blue uniforms, blue helmets, and black armors.

The E.U. is described as having once enforced a blockade upon Britannia in cooperation with the Chinese Federation during the "Indochina Incident," which implies significant naval capability. However, the same source indicates that Britannian vessels were shut out of the waters of developing countries, which may imply diplomatic efforts rather than military might.

The existence of Akito Hyuga suggests that the E.U. may have employed Japanese exiles as soldiers (possibly as conscripts or volunteers). They wore noticeably different uniforms to those shown in R2. Their uniforms seem to have been based on actual German WWII uniforms such as that of Claus Warwick. It is likely that these Japanese soldiers are part of some kind of E.U. "Foreign Legion", akin to the real-life French Foreign Legion.

Overall
Britannia once took the E.U. seriously as an opponent, at least before the establishment of the UFN; Cornelia, in the ninth episode of the first season, Refrain, wanted to return to the battlefield after she heard of an E.U. advance on the El-Alamein Front (presumably in Egypt), and Odysseus at another time warned against attacking the Chinese Federation while still being at war with the E.U. The battle portrayed in Imprisoned in Campus showed that the E.U.'s military capability is a broad match for Britannia's, though the reason for its defeat seems to be as a result of Schneizel's outside-the-box thinking, conducting negotiations with individual members of the E.U. rather than with the union as a whole, and persuading them to surrender willingly rather than being destroyed. This fits with Schneizel's oft-stated belief that conquered nations should be treated with dignity and allowed some hope.

Akito Worldview Columns
These columns are internet articles posted on the Akito website, and give in-depth information on the E.U. and related groups within Code Geass: Akito the Exiled.

Column 1: The Country known as the Europia United (E.U.)
The calendar used in the Europia United used the Revolution Year as a dating system. In "Akito the Exiled", the story takes placed in the Revolution Year 228.

This new dating system originated from the French Revolution in 1789. In that year, the people of France rose up against the existing Ancien Régime System, and in 1790 they reset the calendar as Revolution Year 1.

The wave of revolution started in France spread like a storm throughout all of Europe. But just before it crossed over the strait of Dover, the British imperial family decided to move their capital to a new continent. This resulted in the birth of the Holy Britannian Empire.

Due to the export of revolution and war throughout Europe, a man named Napoleon managed to seize much power and authority. Alas, the people feared that he would become another tyrant, and they put him to death. This was the turning point of Europe's history, and with this the E.U became a democratic region. Unlike the aristocratic values of the Holy Britannian Empire and the Chinese Federation, the E.U. would no longer value birth right in governance, and no one would be born with a claim to authority.

After this radical social change, some nobles in Britannia who disagreed with the dated system of rule in their own empire would defect to the E.U., seeking refuge as exiles. Leila Malcal is the daughter of one such noble family living in exile.

Furthermore, there is Euro Britannia. Made up of groups of nobles within the Holy Britannian Empire who have roots in old Europe, this group seeks to reclaim their ancestral territories within the E.U. by means of force. Since Emperor Charles is occupied with the events in Area 11, the conflict in the E.U. is left largely to this Euro Britannia group to take charge of.

The capital of E.U. is Paris, led by three presidents, and managed by the Council of Forty - all democratically elected by the people. The Council of Forty is based on a system established after the Revolution and currently has over 200 members. With a declaration of war from the Holy Britannian Empire, the Council of Forty has to take charge of national defense and military matters as well.

Unfortunately, the problems of a democratic government have reached a terminal stage in the E.U., and within the Council of Forty, populism is spreading and becoming a serious issue.

Column 2: The Europia United and the W-0 Unit
The government of the Europia United (EU) is exhibiting signs of decadent democratic principles, and the elected members of the Council of Forty have become very sensitive to their election results and have become unable to choose policies that will invite the rebellion of the citizens. Therefore, the postponement of problems and bureaucracy has become rampant.

And the most extreme of these public-ingratiating policies is the establishment of the secret unit “W-0”.

The war with the Holy Britannian Empire, which had started several years earlier, seemed to be prolonged, and the EU army could not manage a decisive counterattack against the Euro Britannians, who are steadily attacking from Asia, and so their territory is steadily being reduced.

In order to stop the spread of war-weary looks due to the prolongation of the war and the increase in dead among the citizens, the EU government thought of using the Elevens (Japanese) who are gathered in the ghettos of “Île de la Cité” in the war. After Area 11 was annexed into the Holy Britannian Empire, the non-Japanese within the EU started to treat the Elevens in the EU as hostile foreigners.

With the condition that they would be given some freedom if they displayed distinguished service in the war, candidates from among the young generation of Elevens within the ghettos were recruited. And so the W-0 Unit was founded.

The W-0 are sent out to front lines where the loss rate of soldiers is high and their duty is to go into the jaws of death so that the EU army’s regular soldiers can return home alive. In other words, the EU government is effectively saying “please die in place of EU citizens”. The W-0 unit’s first substantial campaign is the rescue operation of the EU army’s 132nd Regiment who failed in the St. Petersburg rescue and are surrounded by the Britannian army in Narva.

But in the capital city of Paris, the battle of these people who fight at their utmost limits are not known. The government VIPS and wealthy people only pursue immediate prosperity and peace.

(Note: “Île de la Cité” is an island in Paris.)

Column 3: Knightmare Frames of the Europia United
The main force Knightmare Frame of the EU army is the Panzer Hummel. There is some distress within the EU army at having to designate this machine as a Knightmare Frame, when properly speaking it is not classified as a Knightmare frame. There are also said to be soldiers in the Britannian army who call the Panzer Hummel a “pseudo-Knightmare Frame”.

The Knightmare Frame, a humanoid weapon developed by the Holy Britannian Empire and used in the invasion of Japan, had a big impact on the military-related people of the world with its ability and general-purpose height. Afterwards, the Panzer Hummel was developed by the EU army with the aim of creating Knightmare Frames. However, the Panzer Hummel, with its inferior performance, was not a good rival for Knightmare Frames when facing them on the battlefield. Particularly inferior in terms of mobility, the Panzer Hummel could not do a thing against Knightmare Frames that closed the distance between them at high speeds.

In such a situation, there is the state of the art and special tactical frame “Alexander”, deployed by the secret W-0 unit.

The details of the Alexander’s development team are said to be secret, but it is said that it was developed by Anna Clément, a member of the W-0 squadron, at her family’s factory.

The Alexander’s greatest features are its completely human silhouette, made with the assumption of anti-Knightmare combat, and its ability to change into the bug-like Insect Mode due to its transformation mechanism. The mobility of its Insect Mode is greater than that of its humanoid mode.

There are two reasons why it was equipped with a transformation mechanism. The first reason is that, because the tactics of the W-0 unit adopted the idea of disturbing the enemies who attacked Knightmares from behind the front lines, the Alexander needed a space-conserving form. The second reason is that, in order to approach the high-mobility Knightmare Frames of the Britannian army at even higher speeds than the enemy possessed, a form that dramatically dropped the ratio of hits on the Alexander was necessary.

Also, the Alexander is equipped with original-conceived features that differ from the Knightmare Frame development history of the Holy Britannian Empire and the Knightmare Frame development team of the Militarized Zone of India which derives from them, and so the Alexander is a unique frame that could be called a “fruitless flower” in the history of Knightmare development.

(Note: “Fruitless flower”, or Adabana, essentially means that it is a one-of-a-kind model whose design was not used in later Knightmare development, unlike the Guren and Lancelot.)

Flag
The flag of the Europia United is dark blue with a silver eagle-like bird emblem and a small white marking in the middle. A trident appears in the middle and the initials "EU" are on both sides of the bird.

Trivia

 * Being a Europian superstate abbreviated as E.U., it is a clear reference to the real-world European Union.
 * The borders of many, if not all, member-states of the E.U. are identical to those of our world, which is pretty interesting since many of the modern-day European borders were drawn as a result of events that probably did not occur such as WWII (ie. Germany's Eastern border with Poland at the Oder-Neisse Line), and the collapse of the USSR (ie. existence of an independent Ukraine).
 * The fact that Britain remains separate from both the UFN and Britannia (following France's capitulation) shows that Britain retained its independence after being conquered by Napoleon.
 * In previous print materials, the EU was indicated to stand for "Euro-Universe". However, this name has since been officially changed to "Europia United", according to trailers and websites for the Akito the Exiled OVA series.
 * The EU is referred to as the 'European Ultra-Union' in the 'Stage -0- Entrance' Light Novel (p. 27).